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SS Indiana (1873)
SS ''Indiana'' was an iron passenger-cargo steamship built by William Cramp & Sons in 1873. The third of a series of four ''Pennsylvania''-class vessels, ''Indiana'' and her three sister ships – ''Pennsylvania'', ''Ohio'' and ''Illinois'' – were the largest iron ships ever built in the United States at the time of their construction, and among the first to be fitted with compound steam engines. They were also the first ships to challenge British dominance of the transatlantic trade since the American Civil War.
Though soon outclassed by newer vessels, ''Indiana'' was to enjoy a substantial 36-year career, a highlight of which was her transportation of United States President Ulysses S. Grant on the first leg of his celebrated 1877–78 world tour. After 24 years of transatlantic crossings, ''Indiana'' was sold for Pacific service, before being requisitioned as a troopship for service during the Spanish–American War. She was wrecked off Isla Santa Margarita, Mexico, in 1909.
==Development==
The four ''Pennsylvania'' class liners were constructed at a cost of $520,000 each by William Cramp & Sons on behalf of the American Steamship Company (ASC), a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.〔Heinrich, p. 57, Flayhart, p. 20. Heinrich says the winning bid was $525,000 rather than $520,000.〕 The Railroad intended to utilize the vessels to bring European immigrants direct to Philadelphia, thus ensuring the company a steady stream of customers. In recognition of this purpose, the four ships—''Pennsylvania'', ''Indiana'', ''Illinois'' and ''Ohio''—were named after the four states serviced by the Railroad.〔Heinrich, p. 62.〕〔Flayhart, p. 23.〕 Design of the ships was entrusted to Charles H. Cramp of the Cramp & Sons shipyard, and Barnabas H. Bartol, a director of the ASC.〔Flayhart, pp. 23–24.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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